How is hypothermia treated in canines according to the guidance?

• A. Passive surface/Active surface warming, raise temperature to 98.5°F, then stop all methods, monitor every 15 minutes.
• B. Immediate immersion in hot water.
• C. Administer heated air only.
• D. Use passive or active warming to raise the temperature toward 98.5°F, then discontinue methods, monitor at 15-minute intervals.

Answer: (D)

Rewarming hypothermic dogs is done gradually using both passive and active warming methods to bring the core temperature toward about 98.5°F. Passive warming means insulating the dog and reducing ongoing heat loss, while active warming uses external heat sources like warm blankets or other controlled warming devices. The idea is to raise temperature safely without overshooting, so warming is stopped once the patient approaches the target temperature. After that, monitor the dog at 15-minute intervals to ensure the temperature and vital signs stay stable and to catch any signs of deterioration. Immersing in hot water is dangerous and not appropriate, and warming should not continue beyond reaching the target temperature.